By Abdullahi Hussaini Liman, New Mexico State University
In the face of declining soil fertility, unpredictable rainfall, and increasing demand for food, Farmers are searching for simple, affordable ways to grow crops better while preserving the land for future generations. Experts now agree that combining biochar and cover crops may be one of the most powerful and natural solutions available.
What Are Biochar and Cover Crops?
Biochar is a black carbon-rich material produced by burning plant or animal residues in a low-oxygen environment. It is applied to the soil to improve its structure, water retention, and nutrient availability.
On the other hand, Cover crops are plants grown to protect and enrich the soil between main crop seasons, such as cowpea, clover, alfalfa, ryegrass, and peas. These crops prevent erosion, fix nitrogen, and add organic matter to the soil when decomposed.
Why Farmers Should Embrace and Use Both Together:
Improve Soil Fertility: Biochar holds nutrients in the soil, preventing them from leaching away, while cover crops add organic matter and nitrogen to the soil. This combination means healthier, richer soils that support better plant growth.
Increased Water Retention: In dry regions or during drought periods, biochar helps the soil retain soil moisture, reducing crop stress. Cover crops protect the soil surface from harsh sun and evaporation, keeping the field moist.
Natural Weed and Pest Control: Cover crops suppress weeds and reduce the need for herbicides. Some cover crops even release natural chemicals that deter pests. Biochar, by improving soil biology, can also reduce harmful pathogens.
Higher Yields and Profits: When farmers use both biochar and cover crops, research shows they can expect stronger, healthier plants and higher yields of crops. This means better harvests and more income, without the high cost of chemical fertilizers.
Sustainable and Climate-Friendly: Biochar locks carbon in the soil for hundreds of years, helping fight climate change. Cover crops reduce erosion, improve biodiversity, and support beneficial soil organisms. Together, they make farming more sustainable for the future.
Evidence From Research:
Using biochar combined with cover crops like hairy vetch, pea, and ryegrass improved soil structure, boosted organic matter, and increased crop productivity. Farmers who applied both methods saw better moisture retention during dry spells and stronger crop stands. Other studies report that farms with these practices recover fertility faster and resist drought better than farms without biochar and cover crops.
Message to Farmers:
By adopting this natural combination of biochar and cover crops, you can reduce fertilizer costs, improve your soil’s long-term health, increase crop yields, and protect the environment. These practices are not only affordable but also sustainable, giving hope for a more secure and productive farming future
Sources:
New Mexico State University Plant and Environmental Science Programs
FAO Guide on Sustainable Soil Management
